Regvita Šiaulių ligoninės Moters ir vaiko klinikoje susilaukė antrosios dukros. Neslepia, kad vardo paieškoms įtakos turėjo ir vienos žinomos dainininkės vardas.
„Ta dainininkė – gabi, tai kažkiek įtakos turėjo. Su vyresniąja dukra nusprendėme, kad dar kol nebuvo gimusi, vis Igulė, Iglutė. Taip tikriausiai ir paliksim“, – pasakoja moteris.
Regvita nesistebi, kad kasmet Lietuvoje gimsta vis mažiau naujagimių. O priežasčių, moters teigimu, ne viena.
„Brangiai kainuoja tie mažyliai, brangiai. Mamoms labai sudėtinga su darbais. Aš darbinausi į vadovo poziciją, man iš karto buvo klausimas, o ką darysit su vaiku?“ – sako Regvita.
Dar 2020 m. Lietuvoje gimė beveik 24 tūkstančiai naujagimių, o 2024 m. skaičius nesiekė nė 19 tūkstančių. Moterys gimdo mažiau vaikų, pradeda gimdyti vėliau. Kadangi Lietuvoje daugiau gyventojų miršta nei gimsta, dėl natūralios kaitos valstybė pernai neteko 18,8 tūkstančių žmonių.
Gyventojų daugėja dėl imigrantų ir reemigrantų
Tiesa, Lietuvos gyventojų skaičius pernai padidėjo, nes šiuos nuostolius atsvėrė tarptautinė migracija. Į Lietuvą pernai imigravo 23 tūkstančiais daugiau žmonių nei išvyko. Dėl to bendras gyventojų skaičius paaugo 4,3 tūkst.
„Penkerius metus mes esame nebesiunčianti šalis migrantus, o priimanti, ypatingai kalbant apie Lietuvos respublikos piliečius“, – pasakoja demografas Daumantas Stumbrys.
„Negaliu neatkreipti dėmesio į vis gilėjančią demografinę duobę, gimsta rekordiškai mažai vaikų. Gyventojų skaičių išlaikome tik imigracijos ir grįžtančiųjų sąskaita, tai temdo ir ekonominę šalies perspektyvą“, – teigia Valstybės duomenų agentūros vadovė Jūratė Petrauskienė.
Ekspertai džiaugiasi, kad į Lietuvą grįžta anksčiau iš Lietuvos išvykę žmonės, o juos papildo užsieniečiai, tačiau priduria, kad migracija negali visiškai pakeisti natūralios gyventojų kaitos.
„Išbalansuoja mūsų demografinę struktūrą, darbo rinką. Mes turime lyčių disbalansą, kuris atsiranda“, – sako D. Stumbrys.
Ekonomikos ateitis neteikia didelių vilčių
Tam, kad natūrali gyventojų kaita būtų labiau subalansuota, Lietuvai reiktų padvigubinti naujagimių skaičių. Tiesa, ši užduotis labai sunki: modernioms šeimoms galima bandyti kurti patogesnes gyvenimo sąlygas.
„Darbo ir šeimos derinimas, finansinė parama. <...> Aišku, keičiasi ir žmonių vertybės. Daugėja moterų, kurios neturi vaikų. Apskritai bevaikystė“, – komentuoja demografas.
Mokslininkai priduria, kad vaikų šeimos negimdo ir esant neužtikrintumui dėl ateities.
Valstybės duomenų agentūra pristatė ne tik demografinius rodiklius, bet ir bankrotų statistiką. Pernai bankrutavo beveik 1100 įmonių, tai yra 5 procentais daugiau nei užpernai. Įdomu tai, kad bankrotų skaičius trečdaliu krito apgyvendinimo ir maitinimo sektoriuje, kurio atstovai šiuo metu valdžios prašo pagalbos – nori pridėtinės vertės mokesčio lengvatos.
„Yra masė mažų įmonėlių regionuose, kurie turi savo patalpėles, jie neturi skelbti bankroto, jie tiesiog užsidaro. Ir jeigu ekonomistai giliau pasižiūrėtų į įmonių pelningumą, tai puikiai pamatytų, kad pelningumas dabar 1–2 procentai, o kai kur ir nulis. Kiek ilgai įmonė gali dirbti su nuliu“, – teigia Viešbučių ir restoranų asociacijos prezidentė Evalda Šiškauskienė.
Valstybės duomenų agentūra taip pat paskelbė, kiek per 2024 m. padidėjo vidutinė alga. Ji pasiekė 1365 eurus į rankas. Tai yra 116 eurų arba 9,3 proc. daugiau nei metus prieš tai.
Daugiau apie tai sužinokite aukščiau esančiame vaizdo įraše.
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